What Are Flat Feet?
A normal arch creates a space between the inner foot and the ground when standing. With flat feet, the sole comes close to the floor or fully contacts the floor. This can change how weight is distributed through the feet and how the ankles, knees, hips, and back respond during walking and standing.
Types of Flat Feet
Flexible flat feet occur when the arch appears while sitting or standing on tiptoe but collapses when weight is placed on the foot. Rigid flat feet remain flat whether weight is placed on the foot or not and may be linked to structural abnormalities. Adult-acquired flat foot can develop over time, often from weakness or damage involving the posterior tibial tendon.
Causes
Flat feet may be related to inherited foot structure, childhood development, injury, arthritis, obesity, tendon dysfunction, prolonged standing or walking on hard surfaces, and unsupportive footwear.
Symptoms
Symptoms can include aching feet, arch pain, ankle pain, swelling along the inside of the ankle, leg fatigue, knee pain, hip pain, lower back discomfort, overpronation, and difficulty standing on tiptoe. Children may complain of tired legs or struggle to keep up during activity.
Treatment at DFW Foot and Ankle
Treatment depends on age, symptoms, flexibility, and severity. Dr. Suh may recommend custom orthotics created with 3D scanning, supportive footwear, stretching, strengthening, physical therapy, MLS laser therapy for inflammation or soft-tissue pain, and activity modification. Surgery is considered only when conservative treatment fails or when structural problems are severe.
Flat Feet in Children
Many young children have flexible flat feet and do not need treatment unless symptoms are present. If a child has pain, fatigue, abnormal gait, or activity limitation, custom orthotics and supportive care can help.
Frequently Asked Questions
Are flat feet always a problem?
No. Flat feet only need treatment when they cause pain, fatigue, gait problems, or related symptoms.
Can flat feet cause knee, hip, or back pain?
Yes. Poor foot alignment can affect the chain of movement through the legs and back.
Can exercises help?
Exercises such as calf raises, towel scrunches, short-foot exercises, and balance work may help support function.